Ovarian Torsion: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Ovarian Torsion?

Ovarian torsion is a serious emergency gynecological condition. It happens when an ovary twists around the tissues that hold it in place. As a result, blood flow to the ovary can be blocked. This can cause sudden pain and may damage the ovary if not treated quickly. Ovarian torsion is more common in women of childbearing age, but it can happen at any age. In the United States, it is a leading cause of emergency surgery for women with sudden pelvic pain.

Symptoms of Ovarian Torsion

Ovarian torsion symptoms often appear suddenly. However, they can sometimes develop over several hours. Early recognition is important because quick treatment can save the ovary. Common symptoms include:

Sudden, severe pain in the lower belly or pelvis

Pain that may come and go or get worse over time

Nausea or vomiting

Fever (in some cases)

Feeling lightheaded or faint

Sometimes, the pain may spread to the back or legs. If you notice these signs, especially with sudden pain, seek medical help right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ovarian torsion can happen for several reasons. Often, it is linked to an enlarged ovary or a growth, such as a cyst. But, it can also occur without any clear cause. Key risk factors include:

Ovarian cysts or tumors

Fertility treatments that cause the ovaries to enlarge

Pregnancy, especially in the first trimester

Previous episodes of ovarian torsion

Long or flexible ligaments that support the ovary

Additionally, young girls and women of reproductive age are at higher risk. However, it can affect women of any age.

How Ovarian Torsion is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose ovarian torsion. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they perform a physical exam. Because ovarian torsion shares symptoms with other conditions, tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Common tests include:

Pelvic ultrasound to view the ovaries and blood flow

Blood tests to check for infection or signs of damage

CT scan or MRI in some cases for a clearer picture

Even with these tests, ovarian torsion can be hard to confirm. Sometimes, surgery is needed to make a final diagnosis and treat the problem at the same time.

Treatment Options

Ovarian torsion treatment is almost always surgery. Quick action is needed to save the ovary and prevent complications. The main goals are to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. Treatment options include:

Laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) to untwist the ovary

Removal of cysts or growths if present

Oophorectomy (removal of the ovary) if the tissue is badly damaged

Most women recover well after surgery. However, the outcome depends on how quickly treatment is given. Early care can often save the ovary and preserve fertility.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent ovarian torsion, some steps may lower your risk. For example, regular check-ups can help detect ovarian cysts early. If you are undergoing fertility treatments, talk to your doctor about your risk. Other helpful tips include:

Report any sudden pelvic pain to your doctor

Follow up on known ovarian cysts or growths

Discuss family history of ovarian problems with your healthcare provider

Staying aware of your body and seeking prompt care can make a big difference.

When to See a Doctor

If you have sudden, severe pelvic pain, do not wait. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency. Quick treatment can save your ovary and prevent serious problems. You should see a doctor immediately if you experience:

Sharp or severe pain in the lower belly

Pain with nausea or vomiting

Fever or signs of infection

Feeling faint or dizzy

Remember, early action is key. If you suspect ovarian torsion, seek emergency care immediately.

If you suspect ovarian torsion or experience sudden pelvic pain, consult Dr. Nasreen Ashfaq immediately for personalized care.