Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

Introduction

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can happen during pregnancy. It causes high blood pressure and can harm both mother and baby. Because preeclampsia can develop quickly, it is important to know the signs and risks. Any pregnant woman can get preeclampsia, but some are at higher risk. Early detection and care can help keep you and your baby safe.

What is Preeclampsia?

Preeclampsia is a health problem that usually starts after the 20th week of pregnancy. It causes high blood pressure and can lead to problems with organs like the liver and kidneys. Sometimes, it can cause swelling and protein in the urine. If not treated, preeclampsia can become very dangerous for both mother and baby. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preeclampsia affects about 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide.

Common Symptoms of Preeclampsia

Knowing the signs of preeclampsia in pregnancy can help you get care quickly. While some women may not feel sick, others notice changes. Watch for these symptoms:

Swelling in the face, hands, or feet

Sudden weight gain

Severe headaches

Changes in vision, such as blurring or seeing spots

Pain in the upper right belly

Nausea or vomiting

Shortness of breath

However, not all swelling means preeclampsia. If you notice any of these signs, contact your doctor right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of preeclampsia. Still, several factors can raise your risk. For example, you may be more likely to get preeclampsia if:

This is your first pregnancy

You had preeclampsia in a past pregnancy

You are carrying twins or more

You have high blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease

You are over age 35

You have a family history of preeclampsia

Your body mass index (BMI) is high

Even though these factors increase risk, preeclampsia can happen to anyone. Therefore, regular check-ups are important for all pregnant women.

How Preeclampsia is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find preeclampsia. First, they check your blood pressure at each visit. If it is high, they may test your urine for protein. Blood tests can also show if your organs are affected. Sometimes, doctors use ultrasound to check your baby’s growth. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious problems. So, always attend your prenatal appointments.

Treatment Options

Treatment for preeclampsia depends on how severe it is and how far along you are in pregnancy. In mild cases, your doctor may suggest:

Resting at home or in the hospital

Monitoring blood pressure and urine

Regular blood tests

Medications to lower blood pressure

In severe cases, you may need to deliver your baby early. Sometimes, doctors give medicines to help your baby’s lungs develop faster. Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best outcome.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent preeclampsia, some steps may lower your risk. For example, you can:

Attend all prenatal visits

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Stay active with safe exercises

Limit salt and processed foods

Maintain a healthy weight before and during pregnancy

Manage chronic health conditions, like diabetes or high blood pressure

Some women ask about preventing preeclampsia naturally. Although healthy habits help, there is no sure way to prevent it. Therefore, regular check-ups remain key.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you notice signs of preeclampsia, do not wait. Seek medical help right away if you have:

Severe headaches that do not go away

Vision changes

Severe swelling or sudden weight gain

Pain in your upper belly

Shortness of breath

Quick action can protect you and your baby from harm. Always trust your instincts and call your healthcare provider with any concerns.

Conclusion

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy condition, but early care can make a significant difference. Stay alert for symptoms, keep up with your prenatal visits, and always follow your doctor’s advice. Early detection and proper management are key to a healthy pregnancy.

Consult Dr. Nasreen Ashfaq for personalized advice and care regarding preeclampsia